Pests can cause damage, discomfort, or illness. They may contaminate food or plants and often spread disease. Rodents, for example, chew wiring, create a fire hazard and leave droppings that can carry diseases like salmonellosis or lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
Natural forces like weather, predators, and barriers can limit some pest populations. Chemicals, such as traps, baits, and crack and crevice treatments, can also control pests. Contact Pest Control ST Charles MO now!
Prevention is a vital part of pest control. If left unchecked, a pest infestation can wreak havoc in homes and businesses. It is much easier and more cost effective to prevent pests than to treat an already established infestation. Prevention involves a variety of strategies, including physical barriers, monitoring and identification, cleaning practices and landscaping. Physical barrier methods include installing screens, sealing cracks and using traps to block pest entry into buildings. This approach also includes pest proofing, which eliminates the food, water and shelter sources that attract pests. These measures also reduce the need for chemical treatment and limit exposure of staff and customers to pesticides.
Clutter provides breeding and hiding places for pests, so removing clutter is an important step in preventive pest control. Cleaning practices that don’t invite pests, such as storing food in tightly closed containers, can help. In addition, keeping garbage receptacles away from buildings and ensuring that they are well-sealed can also reduce pest populations. It’s also a good idea to monitor the space around your home or business regularly and take steps to close off areas where pests can hide, such as along skirting boards. It’s essential to accurately identify a pest before taking preventive measures, as this will help you determine the best tactics to use and will ensure that non-pest organisms, which can be beneficial, are not mistakenly targeted.
Pests can cause serious damage, whether they are disease-carrying, such as rodents or cockroaches, or they damage property, such as termites and carpenter ants. Some pests can even affect our health, causing allergic reactions or sensitivities, such as bed bugs and cluster flies. Others merely annoy us with their appearance, like spiders and silverfish, or smell unpleasant, like flies, rodent droppings or pine seed bugs.
Preventive pest control is the best way to avoid an unwanted pest infestation, but it can be difficult and time consuming. Incorporated into hygiene management systems, prevention programs can help to lessen the need for pesticides and to reduce their toxicity to staff, visitors and customers. It is also the most environmentally friendly approach to pest management.
Suppression
Pests are damaging to crops and may have adverse health and economic impacts. A variety of factors determine whether a pest population has reached the point at which it requires action. For example, esthetic or food safety concerns might force action against a particular pest. Threshold levels, which define the level at which a pest should be controlled, have been determined for many types of pests.
Natural enemies—predators, parasitoids and pathogens—are effective at regulating pest populations and can reduce or eliminate the need for toxic chemicals. Research shows that biodiversity in natural enemies contributes to the ability of agroecosystems to provide adequate pest control, resulting in higher crop yields and less damage to the environment.
Conservation biological control is a practice that aims to integrate beneficial insects into cropping systems, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for pesticides (Finke and Denno 2004). Research continues to demonstrate a link between pest-controlling insect diversity in an area and reduced pest problems on farms, orchards and gardens.
In addition to pest identification, it is important to identify the type of pest that needs controlling so that the correct suppression tactics can be used. Suppression tactics include cultural controls that disrupt a pest’s habitat or prevent its movement, such as plowing and crop rotation, maintaining clean greenhouse and tillage equipment, removing infested plant material, using netting to protect small fruits, and incorporating physical barriers to prevent pest entry, like termite barriers, screens, and spikes. Irrigation schedules should be adjusted to avoid long periods of high relative humidity that promote disease pest development.
Biological control involves conserving or releasing natural enemies of a pest—for example, beneficial mites that feed on mite pests in orchards and Encarsia formosa, a wasp that parasitizes the greenhouse whitefly. Biological control can also be supplemented with the release of sterile males or pheromones. Pheromones are naturally occurring odors that attract or confuse pests. Juvenile hormones depress pest growth by keeping some immature insects from maturing to become normal adults.
Increasing the number of beneficial insects and other organisms that regulate pests in an area enhances the natural control system, which decreases the need for chemical pesticides. However, achieving a desirable balance between the presence of pests and their natural enemies can be difficult because they compete for food and resources.
Eradication
Achieving eradication of a pest species is a difficult goal, and even if successful, the risk of recolonization remains. For this reason, eradication is rarely the goal of a pest control effort, which instead tends to focus on prevention and suppression. Eradication is especially challenging in outdoor environments, where the pest may be able to hide from predators and spread rapidly. In indoor areas, such as homes, schools, and offices, pests can be controlled more easily, but eradication is still an important goal in many cases.
To determine what factors contribute to a pest’s eradication success, researchers studied the records of 173 eradication campaigns against invertebrate plant pests, plant pathogens (viruses/bacteria and fungi), and weeds from the whole world. These campaigns were started between 1914 and 2009. They were classified according to their duration, starting date, and location. The results suggest that the probability of eradicating an invasive species depends on whether or not the infestation has reached a critical threshold. Starting an eradication campaign before the extent of the invasion reaches that threshold can dramatically increase the chances of success.
In addition, the likelihood of success depends on the spatial scale of the eradication. It is higher in Australasia, where the infestations are smaller and more likely to be monitored after the eradication campaign. It is also higher at the local than at the regional and international scales. This suggests that international coordination is a crucial prerequisite for successful eradications, as well as that such campaigns benefit from cross-border cooperation.
The definition of eradication varies among different countries, but all definitions include the idea that a pest has to be completely eliminated from an area in order for it to be considered eradicated. Other synonyms for eradication are exterminate, extirpate, and uproot. These synonyms differ in meaning, but all of them emphasize the removal of a pest from an area and stress the forcible nature of the process.
The success of an eradication program is influenced by a variety of factors, including the ability to respond quickly and the availability of resources. However, some of the most important factors are the biological characteristics and habitat of a pest. A better understanding of these characteristics could help scientists to develop strategies that will be more successful at eradicating the pest.
Treatment
Pest control includes preventive measures as well as the eradication of existing infestations. Keeping pests away from a home or business, either by eliminating their food sources, shelter and overwintering sites or by blocking entry points to buildings, helps prevent future infestations. It can also stop a growing pest population from reaching harmful levels.
Some preventive measures are easy for everyone to implement. Store all foods in sealed containers, keep garbage cans tightly closed and remove trash regularly from your property. Regularly check traps and bait stations for pests, and empty them when necessary. This simple action can help to deter many pests from coming near your home, especially rodents, because they are unable to find their food sources.
Other deterrents include fixing leaky plumbing, cleaning up piles of rubbish and removing overwintering sites from the outside of your home or business. Keeping garbage cans and compost bins tightly shut, or storing them in areas not easily accessible to pests, will also reduce the amount of food sources available to pests. Blocking holes in walls, doors and windows with metal wire or wood, and fitting pest screens to exterior windows and doors will also help to stop rodents and insects from entering.
Eliminating pests helps to protect human health and preserve property value. Many pests carry disease-causing pathogens or cause allergic reactions, like fleas, ticks, mites and flies. Others damage plants, crops and personal items, like cockroaches, spiders, earwigs, clothes moths and pine seed bugs. Rodents are particularly dangerous because they can contaminate food supplies and cause structural damage.
Treatment of pests typically involves the use of chemicals, but only if they are an immediate threat to your health or property. Chemicals can be sprayed around the outside of your home, in cracks and crevices or inside the house, depending on the pest. Some sprays kill or repel pests instantly, while others linger in the environment to continue working for days, weeks or longer.
Some chemicals used in pest control can be hazardous to humans or pets, but licensed pest controllers are trained to use only the most effective and safest methods possible. When using any chemical at home, always read the label carefully and follow the safety instructions on how to dispose of leftover pesticides and their containers.
